EBS是Emergency Bunker Surcharge的首字母简称，意为紧急燃油附加费。EBS属于海运费的一个附加费，和海运费一样一般用美金结算。
如果是FOB条款，这个费用应该由收货方承担，而不是发货方承担，因为EBS不属于FOB当地费用。这个费用可以到付，也可以预付。
EBS一般是在国际原油价格快速攀升，船公司觉得超过了自己的承受能力，由于行情不旺又不方便及时上涨海运费的情况下，为了弥补快速上涨的成本，而临时加收的一个附加费。根据不同时期、不同目的港、不同的船公司，收费标准可能不同。一般根据国际原油价格的波动情况进行调整，也有可能没收多久就取消。
Most people in the ocean freight shipping industry are familiar with the term called Bunker Adjustment Factor, which is also called a bunker surcharge that shippers have to pay to cover the expenses of fuel. Usually this fee is included in your ocean cargo rate that you pay to the freight forwarder. However, there is another similar expense that a shipper might be slapped with sometimes. The emergency bunker surcharge, also called EBS, is an emergency expense that has to be paid to cover higher fuel prices than were originally anticipated. A traditional bunker surcharge is known ahead of time. The emergency bunker surcharge is usually a last-minute implementation and an inconvenience for shippers.
What exactly is the emergency bunker surcharge based on? There are numerous factors. The size of a container, 20 feet or 40 feet, is a price factor. Another factor is the type of container, like a high cube. The destination port for a container is another factor that determines the amount paid. An individual shipping line in a particular region can decide to include the addition of an emergency bunker surcharge. A national or international shipping organization can also decide to use an emergency bunker surcharge as well. The emergency bunker surcharge is usually paid for at the port, and it is the seller of the cargo who pays the fee. When facing an emergency bunker surcharge, we all know that his can be a financial hiccup, but it is sometimes a part of the shipping process.